Atrial Septal Defect Ostium Secundum: An Overview

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ostium Secundum, commonly referred to as central-type atrial septal defect, is one of the most prevalent forms of atrial septal defects. In clinical practice, atrial septal defects are generally categorized into two main types: ostium primum and ostium secundum. Among these, the ostium secundum type is the most frequently diagnosed and is considered a typical form of congenital heart disease.

Prevalence and Statistics

Central-type atrial septal defect accounts for approximately 10% to 20% of all congenital heart diseases. Moreover, it constitutes around 60% to 70% of all atrial septal defect cases. This high prevalence highlights its significance in the field of pediatric cardiology and congenital heart disease management.

Understanding the Condition

This type of heart defect occurs during fetal development when the septum, which divides the two upper chambers of the heart (atria), does not close properly. As a result, a hole remains between the atria, allowing oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to flow into the right atrium. Over time, this abnormal flow can lead to increased blood volume in the right side of the heart and the lungs, potentially causing complications such as pulmonary hypertension or heart failure if left untreated.

Due to its common occurrence and potential impact on long-term health, early diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention are crucial for managing Atrial Septal Defect Ostium Secundum. Advances in diagnostic imaging and treatment options have significantly improved outcomes for patients with this condition.