Atrial Septal Defect Perioperative Nursing Care

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart condition that often requires surgical intervention. Proper perioperative nursing care plays a crucial role in ensuring a smooth procedure and successful recovery. This article outlines key nursing considerations before and after ASD surgery.

Preoperative Care

Prior to surgery, it is essential for medical professionals to thoroughly explain the nature of atrial septal defect, including its causes and potential complications if left untreated. Parents should be informed about the indications for surgery, the procedure itself, and any associated risks.

In addition to patient and family education, standard preoperative preparations must be completed. These include skin preparation (shaving or cleaning the surgical site), skin testing for medications such as antibiotics, and ensuring the patient is aware of fasting requirements before anesthesia. Adequate rest before surgery should also be emphasized to support optimal physical condition.

Postoperative Care

Once the patient returns to the ward from the operating room, immediate monitoring should be initiated. Vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature should be closely observed and recorded regularly.

Monitoring for Complications

Special attention should be given to the puncture or incision site for any signs of bleeding or hematoma. Changes in heart sounds, such as new or altered murmurs, should be reported promptly to the medical team. Additionally, signs of infection—such as fever, redness, swelling, or discharge at the surgical site—must be monitored and addressed early.

Effective postoperative care also includes pain management, respiratory support, and early mobilization to prevent complications such as pneumonia or deep vein thrombosis. Emotional support for both the patient and family is equally important in promoting a positive recovery experience.