Atrial Septal Defect Explained

The heart is divided into four chambers, with a wall called the atrial septum separating the right and left atria. When this wall fails to close properly after birth, it results in a condition known as an atrial septal defect (ASD), often referred to simply as "a hole in the heart." ASD is a common type of congenital heart disease, ranking second among all congenital heart defects and accounting for 10% to 20% of cases.

Understanding the Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect

The severity of symptoms in individuals with ASD largely depends on the size of the defect. In cases where the opening is small, patients may experience no noticeable symptoms at all, with the condition only being detected during a routine physical examination through the presence of an unusual heart sound or murmur.

Impact of Larger Atrial Septal Defects

Conversely, larger defects can significantly affect a child's overall health and development. Common signs include fatigue, shortness of breath during physical activity, and a general feeling of weakness. These symptoms can interfere with daily activities and reduce the child's quality of life.

Increased Risk of Respiratory Infections

In addition to physical symptoms, children with larger ASDs may also face a higher risk of respiratory infections. This is because the abnormal blood flow in the heart can lead to increased pressure and fluid buildup in the lungs, making it easier for infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis to develop.