Treatment Options for Pediatric Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease in children. Depending on the size of the defect and the child's overall condition, parents and doctors can choose the most appropriate treatment plan. For children with small ASDs that do not cause symptoms or hemodynamic changes, regular monitoring and follow-up at a hospital are recommended without immediate intervention.

When Treatment Is Necessary

For children diagnosed with a larger ASD and significant left-to-right shunting, timely treatment is essential. If the defect measures less than 10mm and is located far enough from the heart valves without affecting their function, catheter-based closure (interventional therapy) is often the preferred option. This minimally invasive procedure carries lower risks, causes less trauma, and allows for a faster recovery, especially in younger patients.

Surgical Repair for Larger Defects

Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques

In cases of larger atrial septal defects, surgical repair is typically recommended. One of the most effective approaches is a minimally invasive procedure using a small incision under the right axilla (armpit). This technique reduces scarring, lowers the risk of complications, and supports quicker healing. Ideally, surgery should be performed before the child reaches school age—usually between 4 and 5 years old.

Long-Term Outlook After Treatment

Following successful treatment, whether through interventional closure or surgical repair, children generally experience normal heart function and lead healthy, active lives. Regular follow-ups with a pediatric cardiologist are still important to ensure there are no long-term complications. With proper care, most children recover fully and show no difference in physical development or activity levels compared to their peers.