Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure in Infants

Heart failure in infants can manifest through various symptoms, often depending on the severity and the specific circulation system affected. It is crucial for parents and caregivers to recognize these signs early to ensure prompt medical intervention.

Systemic Circulation Congestion

One of the key indicators of heart failure in babies is systemic circulation congestion. This may lead to facial swelling, which can progress to generalized edema in more severe cases. Some infants may also develop multiple serous cavity effusions, such as pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs), ascites (fluid in the abdomen), or even pericardial effusion (fluid around the heart). Additionally, gastrointestinal congestion can occur, causing symptoms like poor appetite, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

Pulmonary Circulation Congestion

Another major sign is congestion in the pulmonary circulation, which can result in shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. In more serious cases, infants may experience hemoptysis (coughing up blood) or produce pink, frothy sputum—a concerning symptom that requires immediate medical attention.

Other Non-Specific Symptoms

Besides the more obvious signs, some infants may display atypical or non-specific symptoms, especially if they are very young. These can include irritability, excessive sweating, poor feeding, night sweats, and increased perspiration. Some babies may become restless at night, show a significant decrease in urine output, consume less milk, and exhibit rapid breathing and an increased heart rate. In progressive cases, the liver may also begin to enlarge noticeably.

Conclusion

Recognizing the early signs of heart failure in infants is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. If you observe any of these symptoms in your baby, it's important to consult a pediatrician or a pediatric cardiologist as soon as possible.