How to Reduce Swelling in the Feet Caused by Heart Failure

Swelling in the lower limbs is a common symptom among heart failure patients. The primary approach to treatment involves improving heart function and reducing fluid buildup. Effective management strategies include diuretic therapy and medications that enhance cardiac performance, as detailed below.

Utilizing Diuretics to Reduce Fluid Retention

Lower limb edema in heart failure typically occurs due to impaired systolic or diastolic function of the heart. This leads to systemic venous congestion, increased venous pressure in the legs, and subsequent leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues. To combat this, loop diuretics such as furosemide and torasemide are commonly prescribed. These medications help eliminate excess sodium and water from the body, effectively reducing swelling. Additionally, aquaretic diuretics like tolvaptan can be used to specifically target water retention and alleviate edema.

Improving Cardiac Function to Address Edema

In conjunction with diuretics, treating the underlying heart dysfunction is crucial for long-term relief. Medications such as sacubitril/valsartan (ARNI), beta-blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists can significantly improve heart function, which in turn helps reduce fluid accumulation. SGLT-2 inhibitors, including dapagliflozin, have also demonstrated benefits in managing heart failure and reducing swelling. These drugs not only improve patient outcomes but also support fluid balance. Moreover, inotropic agents that enhance myocardial contractility can improve the heart's pumping ability, further aiding in the reduction of edema.

Conclusion

Managing foot and leg swelling in heart failure patients involves a dual approach: eliminating excess fluid through diuretics and addressing the root cause by improving heart function. A well-rounded treatment plan, guided by a healthcare professional, can significantly enhance comfort and quality of life for individuals living with heart failure.