Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Explained

Heart failure can be classified based on ejection fraction, a key measurement of heart function obtained through echocardiography. One of the primary types is heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This classification helps doctors understand the nature of the heart's dysfunction and tailor treatment accordingly. The categories are defined as follows:

Types of Heart Failure Based on Ejection Fraction

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

When the ejection fraction is 50% or higher, it is classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In this condition, the heart's ability to contract remains largely intact. However, the heart's relaxation phase is impaired, meaning it doesn't fill properly with blood between beats. This type of heart failure is often associated with conditions like hypertension and aging.

Heart Failure with Mid-Range Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF)

This category includes patients whose ejection fraction falls between 40% and 49%. It represents a transitional group between HFpEF and HFrEF. Research is ongoing to better understand this type of heart failure and how it should be managed clinically.

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

When the ejection fraction drops to 40% or below, it is classified as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. This indicates a significant decline in the heart's ability to pump blood effectively due to weakened contraction of the heart muscle. HFrEF is often linked to conditions such as coronary artery disease, prior heart attacks, or cardiomyopathy.

Understanding the differences between these types of heart failure is crucial for selecting the most appropriate treatment strategies. Ejection fraction serves as a valuable tool in diagnosing and managing heart failure, guiding clinicians in optimizing patient outcomes.