Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers What Does That Mean

Angiotensin II receptor blockers, often referred to as sartans, are a class of medications primarily used to treat high blood pressure. These drugs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to narrow. By preventing this narrowing, these medications help to keep blood vessels open, thus lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow.

History and Development

The initial development of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) aimed at inhibiting both AT1 and AT2 receptors. However, it was observed that ACEIs could cause a persistent cough in some patients. This side effect was attributed to the increased levels of bradykinin resulting from the inhibition of AT1. This led to the creation of AT2 receptor blockers, which include medications such as losartan and valsartan. These drugs are designed to specifically target the AT2 receptors without affecting the levels of bradykinin significantly, thereby reducing the incidence of coughing among patients.

Benefits and Applications

Angiotensin II receptor blockers have proven to be as effective as ACEIs in managing hypertension. However, they offer a significant advantage by minimizing the risk of a chronic cough, a common complaint among users of ACEIs. Due to their efficacy and improved side effect profile, these medications are now considered first-line treatments for hypertension.

Use in Cardiovascular Conditions

Moreover, angiotensin II receptor blockers play a crucial role in the management of various cardiovascular conditions. They are recommended for patients with coronary artery disease, those who have experienced a heart attack, and individuals suffering from heart failure either alone or in combination with other conditions. Their ability to reduce the workload on the heart and improve cardiac function makes them an essential component of modern cardiovascular therapy.