Atrial Fibrillation Treatment Options for Patients with Hypertension

Medication for Rhythm Control

Pharmacological cardioversion is often the first line of treatment for many patients. Medications such as metoprolol tartrate, amiodarone, and propafenone hydrochloride are commonly prescribed to help restore and maintain normal sinus rhythm. These drugs work by stabilizing the heart's electrical activity and controlling heart rate, especially in patients with underlying conditions like high blood pressure.

Electrical Cardioversion

When medications are not effective or when AFib is more persistent, electrical cardioversion may be recommended. This procedure uses a biphasic waveform defibrillator to deliver a controlled electric shock to the heart, resetting its rhythm. It is usually performed under sedation and can be highly effective in restoring normal rhythm, especially in patients with recent-onset AFib.

Radiofrequency Ablation for Targeted Treatment

Radiofrequency ablation is a more advanced and targeted treatment option, typically reserved for younger patients or those who have not responded well to other therapies. This minimally invasive procedure involves locating the specific areas in the heart tissue that trigger AFib and using heat energy to destroy (ablate) these sites. Studies show that approximately 30% of patients experience successful rhythm conversion following initial ablation procedures.

Conclusion

Managing atrial fibrillation requires a personalized approach based on the patient's age, overall health, and response to previous treatments. While medications and electrical cardioversion offer immediate solutions, radiofrequency ablation provides a long-term option for those with recurrent or symptomatic AFib. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment plans are crucial in improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications such as stroke or heart failure.