Atrial Fibrillation Emergency Response: What You Need to Know

Atrial fibrillation, commonly referred to as AFib, is a heart condition characterized by irregular, rapid, and ineffective contractions of the atria. Instead of beating in a coordinated manner, the atria quiver at a rate of 300 to 600 beats per minute. AFib can be classified into different types, with acute AFib being one of the most urgent. During an acute episode, self-treatment is usually not sufficient to restore normal heart rhythm, making prompt medical attention essential. However, there are steps you can take to manage symptoms before reaching a hospital.

Staying Calm and Managing Symptoms

When experiencing an acute AFib episode, it's crucial to remain calm and sit down to avoid worsening symptoms or triggering other health complications. If you have a known history of AFib and are experiencing noticeable symptoms, taking a beta-blocker such as metoprolol may help slow your heart rate. It's important to follow your doctor's advice regarding medication use. After taking any prescribed medication, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Medical Interventions During Emergency Care

Upon arrival at a medical facility, healthcare providers will assess your condition. If your heart rate exceeds 150 beats per minute, you experience ongoing chest pain, your systolic blood pressure drops below 90 mmHg, or you show signs of heart failure or altered consciousness, immediate direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is typically recommended. In such cases, anticoagulant therapy, such as low molecular weight heparin, may also be administered to reduce the risk of blood clots.

Medication for Rate Control

For patients who do not require cardioversion but still exhibit symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest discomfort, intravenous medications such as digoxin, diltiazem, propranolol, or metoprolol are often used to control ventricular rate. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is also crucial to assess heart rhythm and response to treatment.

Long-Term Management and Prevention

Patients diagnosed with AFib should adhere to prescribed medications and attend regular follow-up appointments. Lifestyle modifications play a key role in managing the condition. Avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol intake, and steering clear of caffeine-containing products like coffee and tea can significantly reduce the risk of AFib episodes.

Maintaining a balanced lifestyle with adequate rest and regular sleep patterns is also essential. Chronic stress and emotional excitement can act as triggers, so practicing stress-reduction techniques and maintaining a positive outlook are beneficial. Establishing a consistent daily routine and avoiding late-night activities can further support heart health.