Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Understanding Heart Rate and Pulse

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common type of arrhythmia characterized by irregular and often rapid heartbeats. In patients with AFib, the heart rate — specifically the ventricular rate — does not always match the pulse rate. For example, a patient may have a ventricular rate of 150 beats per minute (BPM) or higher, while the pulse may only register around 100 BPM. This discrepancy occurs due to the inefficient contraction of the heart's ventricles during AFib.

How AFib Affects Heart Rate and Pulse

In healthy individuals, the ventricular rate and pulse rate are typically the same. However, during an AFib episode, the atria lose their coordinated contraction, leading to irregular and ineffective ventricular contractions. This irregularity results in a faster-than-normal heart rate, often ranging between 100 and 160 BPM when measured via electrocardiogram (ECG). Meanwhile, the peripheral pulse may appear elevated but generally remains lower than the actual heart rate, often around 100 BPM.

Complications Associated with Persistent AFib

Chronic or persistent atrial fibrillation can lead to serious complications such as angina, heart failure, and systemic embolism, including stroke. Therefore, managing heart rate becomes a critical component of AFib treatment. Doctors often prescribe medications to control the ventricular rate, but in cases where drug therapy proves ineffective, more advanced interventions like radiofrequency ablation or maze surgery may be recommended.

Understanding Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias. It occurs when abnormal electrical signals in the atria create multiple small reentrant circuits, leading to chaotic atrial activity and ineffective atrial contractions. This irregularity disrupts the normal rhythm of the heart and can significantly impact overall cardiovascular function.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience symptoms such as chest discomfort, fatigue, or palpitations, it's important to consult a cardiologist as soon as possible. Diagnostic tools like an electrocardiogram can help confirm whether you're experiencing atrial fibrillation or another heart condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for reducing the risk of long-term complications and improving quality of life.