Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

1. Hypertension

Hypertension remains one of the leading causes of atrial fibrillation. With the rising prevalence of high blood pressure worldwide, more individuals are at risk of developing AFib. When blood pressure is poorly managed over time, it can lead to the enlargement of the left atrium. This structural change in the heart sets the stage for irregular heart rhythms. As the global hypertensive population continues to grow, so does its role as a major contributor to AFib.

2. Heart Valve Disease

Another significant cause of atrial fibrillation is heart valve disease. As people age, or due to prior conditions like rheumatic heart disease, heart valves may deteriorate. Conditions such as mitral valve stenosis, mitral regurgitation, or aortic valve insufficiency can disrupt normal blood flow through the heart, increasing the likelihood of arrhythmias. These valve-related issues place additional strain on the atria, making them more susceptible to fibrillation.

3. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid function, is also closely linked to AFib. If thyroid dysfunction goes undiagnosed or is not properly managed, it can have a profound impact on cardiovascular health. Elevated thyroid hormone levels can accelerate heart rate and disturb the heart's electrical system, potentially triggering atrial fibrillation. Non-compliance with prescribed treatments further increases this risk.

4. Cardiomyopathy

Individuals suffering from cardiomyopathy—especially in advanced stages—are also prone to developing AFib. This includes conditions like dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When AFib occurs in these patients, it often marks a turning point in their condition, leading to a rapid decline in heart function and worsening heart failure. Managing arrhythmias becomes crucial in slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.