Atrial Fibrillation Causes And Contributing Factors

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is one of the most common types of cardiac arrhythmias, and it can be caused by a range of underlying health conditions. Understanding the causes of AFib is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment planning. Below are some of the most common contributors to this condition.

1. Hyperthyroidism And Heart Rhythm

Hyperthyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, is a known trigger for atrial fibrillation. The increased metabolic activity caused by elevated hormone levels can disrupt the heart's electrical signals, leading to irregular heartbeats. It is standard practice for physicians to assess thyroid function in patients presenting with AFib to rule out or confirm this potential cause.

2. Hypertension And Cardiac Remodeling

Chronic high blood pressure can place extra strain on the heart, particularly the left atrium. Over time, this pressure can cause structural changes such as left atrial enlargement and myocardial remodeling. These alterations can interfere with normal electrical conduction in the heart, increasing the likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation. A cardiac ultrasound, or echocardiogram, is often used to evaluate these structural changes and guide further treatment.

3. Rheumatic Heart Disease And Mitral Stenosis

Although less common today due to improved medical care, rheumatic heart disease—especially when it leads to mitral valve stenosis—can significantly increase the risk of AFib. Mitral stenosis typically results in left atrial dilation, which disrupts the heart's electrical pathways and predisposes patients to arrhythmias. An echocardiogram is crucial in diagnosing this condition and determining its role in the onset of atrial fibrillation.

4. Coronary Artery Disease And Myocardial Ischemia

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the associated myocardial ischemia can also lead to atrial fibrillation. When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood, it can become electrically unstable, triggering arrhythmias. AFib in this context is often a sign of underlying ischemic heart disease, and proper evaluation through cardiac testing is essential to identify the root cause and manage the condition effectively.