What Causes Arrhythmia?

Arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, can be caused by a variety of conditions that damage the heart. These conditions interfere with the heart's electrical signals, leading to abnormal rhythms. Understanding the underlying causes is essential for effective treatment and prevention.

Common Heart-Related Causes of Arrhythmia

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most frequent causes of arrhythmia. This condition, also known as ischemic heart disease, occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle can disrupt normal electrical activity and lead to dangerous arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation.

Cardiomyopathy is another significant contributor to heart rhythm disorders. This group of diseases affects the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively. Cardiomyopathy often has a genetic component, meaning it can run in families. As the heart muscle weakens or becomes abnormally thickened, it increases the risk of arrhythmias.

Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, is commonly seen in younger individuals. It typically follows a viral infection, such as a cold or flu, where the virus spreads to the heart. This inflammation can damage heart tissue and interfere with the heart's electrical system, resulting in irregular heartbeats.

Other Contributing Factors

Rheumatic Heart Disease, although now relatively rare in developed countries, was once a major cause of arrhythmia. It results from untreated or poorly treated streptococcal infections that lead to rheumatic fever, which can damage heart valves and the heart's electrical pathways.

Many of these heart conditions can lead to heart failure, which in turn increases the likelihood of developing arrhythmias. In fact, arrhythmia often coexists with other cardiovascular diseases and can be a complication of chronic heart conditions.

Non-Cardiac Causes of Arrhythmia

In addition to heart diseases, several non-cardiac factors can also trigger arrhythmias. These include endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as hyperthyroidism or electrolyte imbalances. Severe hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature) can also disrupt heart rhythms. Furthermore, major surgeries, especially those involving the heart or chest, can temporarily or permanently alter the heart's electrical function, leading to arrhythmias.

Recognizing the wide range of potential causes is crucial for diagnosing and managing arrhythmia effectively. If you experience symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.