Understanding Heart Rhythm Disorders Through Self-Monitoring Your Pulse

Heart rhythm disorders, also known as arrhythmias, are among the most common cardiac conditions. They typically manifest as an irregular, too fast, or too slow heartbeat. For individuals already diagnosed with arrhythmia, learning how to monitor your pulse at home is essential for identifying the type or severity of the condition. Here's a simple guide to help you get started.

How to Measure Your Pulse at Home

Begin by placing your arm comfortably on a flat surface such as a table or your lap—any position that allows easy access to your wrist. Use the index and middle fingers of your opposite hand to locate the radial artery on your wrist, just below the thumb. Apply gentle pressure until you feel your pulse. Avoid pressing too hard, as this may obstruct blood flow.

Count the number of beats you feel over a 30-second period, then multiply that number by two to determine your heart rate per minute. A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges between 60 and 100 beats per minute. It's best to take this measurement when you are relaxed and not immediately after physical activity to ensure a more accurate baseline reading.

What Your Pulse Can Reveal About Arrhythmias

Tachycardia and Bradycardia

If your pulse consistently exceeds 100 beats per minute while at rest, it may indicate tachycardia, which refers to an abnormally fast heart rate. On the other hand, a pulse below 60 beats per minute could suggest bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate. Tachycardia can occur in healthy individuals due to stress or physical exertion, but it may also be a sign of conditions like sinus tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia. The latter is more serious and often requires medical attention.

Bradycardia can be normal in young, healthy individuals or athletes, whose hearts are more efficient. However, if your heart rate drops below 40 beats per minute, it may indicate a more severe issue such as atrioventricular block, which can be difficult to treat. Some people experience alternating fast and slow heart rates, known as tachy-brady syndrome, which can complicate treatment and management.

Atrial Fibrillation: A Common Arrhythmia

If your pulse feels erratic, with varying strength and speed, you might be experiencing atrial fibrillation (AFib), a common type of arrhythmia. AFib is especially prevalent among older adults with cardiovascular issues. It is characterized by three key irregularities: inconsistent heartbeats, irregular pulse strength, and mismatched heart and pulse rates. This mismatch occurs because not every heartbeat successfully transmits a pulse to the body. One of the most serious risks associated with AFib is the increased likelihood of stroke due to blood clots forming in the heart.

Premature Beats and Other Irregularities

If you notice occasional missed or skipped beats accompanied by a sensation of a strong heartbeat followed by a pause, you might be experiencing premature contractions. These can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified as atrial, junctional, or ventricular premature beats, with ventricular premature beats being the most common. If you experience more than five premature beats per minute, even without a known heart condition, it's important to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

When to Seek Medical Help

While self-monitoring your pulse can provide valuable insights into your heart health, it should not replace professional medical advice. If you experience severe symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath, seek immediate medical attention. A healthcare provider may recommend an electrocardiogram (ECG) or a Holter monitor to accurately diagnose the type of arrhythmia you may have. Early diagnosis and treatment, including medication or procedures like radiofrequency ablation, can significantly improve outcomes.