Atrial Fibrillation: The Most Common Arrhythmia in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease and Mitral Stenosis

Rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis often lead to a specific type of arrhythmia known as atrial fibrillation (AFib). This condition occurs due to the increased pressure within the left atrium caused by the narrowing of the mitral valve. Over time, this elevated pressure can cause structural and electrical changes in the heart's atrial tissue, ultimately resulting in irregular and rapid heartbeats, characteristic of atrial fibrillation.

Why Atrial Fibrillation Matters in Mitral Stenosis

Patients suffering from both rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis are particularly vulnerable to complications arising from atrial fibrillation. The irregular heartbeat associated with AFib can lead to poor blood flow and pooling within the atria, increasing the risk of blood clot formation. These clots can then travel through the bloodstream, potentially causing life-threatening events such as stroke, peripheral artery embolism, or renal artery embolism.

Managing Atrial Fibrillation in Mitral Stenosis Patients

Treating patients with rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, and atrial fibrillation involves a two-pronged approach. First, it's essential to control the heart rate to maintain efficient cardiac function and alleviate symptoms. Second, and equally important, is the use of anticoagulant medications to prevent blood clots from forming within the atria. This preventive strategy significantly reduces the risk of embolic events, such as cerebral embolism, leg artery blockages, and kidney-related complications.

By prioritizing both heart rate control and anticoagulation therapy, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and reduce the likelihood of severe, long-term complications associated with atrial fibrillation in this high-risk population.