Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Life Expectancy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a serious heart condition that significantly impacts life expectancy. While individual outcomes can vary, many patients receive a diagnosis around the age of 30, often due to symptoms related to heart rhythm disturbances or heart failure.

Progression and Complications

One of the primary concerns for individuals with ARVC is the progressive weakening of the right ventricle. As the disease advances, patients may develop right heart failure, which can eventually lead to biventricular failure. Symptoms often include reduced exercise capacity, persistent fatigue, and swelling in the extremities due to fluid retention.

Systemic Effects of the Disease

Chronic congestion in the systemic circulation can lead to liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal issues, resulting in poor appetite and digestive discomfort. Additionally, fluid accumulation may occur in multiple body cavities, such as the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal spaces, further complicating the clinical picture.

Risk of Arrhythmias and Sudden Death

ARVC is particularly dangerous due to its association with life-threatening arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia is a common manifestation, often causing palpitations, dizziness, or syncope. These abnormal heart rhythms can disrupt normal blood flow, leading to hemodynamic instability and, in severe cases, sudden cardiac death. This risk underscores why many patients face a reduced life expectancy, with the average age of mortality hovering around the third decade of life.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Management

Timely diagnosis and comprehensive management are crucial in improving outcomes for ARVC patients. Treatments may include antiarrhythmic medications, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, advanced therapies such as heart transplantation. With proper care, some patients can live significantly longer and maintain a better quality of life.