How to Reduce Fever Caused by Acute Gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis often leads to fever in patients. If the body temperature is below 38.5°C, physical cooling methods can be used to reduce the fever. Common techniques include applying a cool, damp towel to the forehead or using a combination of cool cloths and alcohol to wipe the palms, soles, groin, and armpits, which helps dissipate heat through the skin.

However, when the temperature exceeds 38.5°C, it may be necessary to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever reduction. It's important to note that these medications can cause significant fluid loss through sweating, so patients should be encouraged to drink more fluids or receive additional hydration therapy to prevent dehydration.

Patients with impaired liver or kidney function should use fever-reducing medications cautiously, as they may place additional stress on already compromised organs. While lowering the fever can help manage symptoms, it does not address the underlying cause of the infection. To truly restore normal body temperature, it's essential to treat the root cause—gastrointestinal inflammation. This typically involves the use of antibiotics such as cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, or quinolones. Only after effectively eliminating the causative pathogens and reducing inflammation will body temperature return to normal.

In addition to fever management and antibiotic treatment, comprehensive care for acute gastroenteritis includes pain relief, antiemetic therapy, and proper hydration. If oral rehydration is possible, patients can take oral rehydration salts; otherwise, intravenous administration of normal saline or glucose saline may be required. For severe nausea and vomiting, medications like metoclopramide can provide symptomatic relief. Similarly, if abdominal cramps occur, antispasmodic drugs such as anisodamine or belladonna tablets can be used to relieve pain and discomfort.

Overall, a multi-faceted approach is crucial in managing acute gastroenteritis and associated fever, ensuring both symptom relief and effective treatment of the underlying infection.