Heart Arrhythmia Symptoms: What You Need To Know

Heart arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, can present a wide range of symptoms depending on its type and severity. Common signs include palpitations, fluttering in the chest, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and a feeling of lightheadedness. These symptoms can vary greatly from person to person, with some individuals experiencing only mild sensations, while others may feel significant distress.

Understanding the Impact of Arrhythmia

In more severe cases, arrhythmias can significantly reduce cardiac output — the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute. This drop in blood flow can lead to symptoms like dizziness, fainting, and fatigue. If left untreated, certain types of arrhythmias can become life-threatening, potentially leading to cardiac arrest or sudden death. These are classified as malignant or fatal arrhythmias and require immediate medical attention.

How the Heart's Electrical System Works

The heart relies on a complex electrical system to maintain a steady rhythm. It begins with the sinoatrial (SA) node, often referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker, which generates electrical impulses. These signals travel through the atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node, then down the bundle of His and into the left and right bundle branches. From there, the impulse spreads through the Purkinje fibers to stimulate the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated manner.

What Causes Arrhythmias?

Any disruption in this electrical pathway — whether due to damage from heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, or other health conditions — can lead to arrhythmias. Issues can arise from the heart's natural pacemaker, the speed at which signals travel, or the way the heart muscle responds. Identifying the root cause is essential for effective treatment and long-term heart health.