Which Arrhythmia Can Be Corrected By Stimulating The Vagus Nerve

Stimulating the vagus nerve is primarily effective in correcting paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). It can also help manage sinus tachycardia in some cases, although symptoms of sinus tachycardia are often less pronounced. As a result, in clinical settings, vagal stimulation is most commonly used to terminate episodes of PSVT.

Understanding Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia typically occurs due to an extra conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles, or a dual pathway within the atrioventricular (AV) node. These abnormalities allow for the formation of a reentrant circuit, similar to an electrical short circuit. This reentry causes the heart to beat rapidly and irregularly. By stimulating the vagus nerve, it is possible to interrupt this abnormal rhythm and restore normal heart function in some cases of PSVT.

Methods Of Vagal Stimulation

There are several techniques used to stimulate the vagus nerve. Simple methods include deep breathing exercises and the Valsalva maneuver. The Valsalva maneuver involves taking a deep breath, closing the vocal cords, and attempting to forcefully exhale without actually releasing the air. Another method involves stimulating the throat, such as by using a cotton swab to trigger a gag reflex, which can provoke a strong vagal response and potentially stop the arrhythmia.

When Vagal Maneuvers Aren't Enough

If vagal stimulation does not successfully terminate the episode, medical interventions may be necessary. Intravenous medications such as propafenone can be used to restore normal rhythm. In some cases, more advanced procedures like transesophageal cardiac pacing may be performed. For long-term management and potential cure, radiofrequency ablation can be utilized to eliminate the abnormal electrical pathways responsible for PSVT.