What is Arrhythmia and What Are Its Types?

Arrhythmia is one of the most common cardiovascular conditions. A normal, healthy heart beats in a regular rhythm at a rate of approximately 60 to 70 beats per minute. When the heart beats too fast, too slow, or loses its regular rhythm, it is classified as arrhythmia. This condition can vary in severity and may require medical attention depending on its type and symptoms.

Types of Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are generally categorized into two main groups based on the heart rate: fast (tachyarrhythmias) and slow (bradyarrhythmias). Each type has distinct characteristics and potential causes.

1. Fast Heart Rhythms (Tachyarrhythmias)

Tachyarrhythmias refer to heartbeats that are faster than normal. These include several subtypes such as atrial fibrillation (AFib), atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SVT can further be divided into conditions like AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, often involving abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. Other forms include ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), which originate from the lower chambers of the heart and can be more serious in some cases.

2. Slow Heart Rhythms (Bradyarrhythmias)

Bradyarrhythmias occur when the heart beats slower than usual. A common example is sinus bradycardia, where the heart rate drops below 30 beats per minute in some cases, often requiring a pacemaker to maintain a stable rhythm. Another type is atrioventricular (AV) block, where the electrical signals from the atria fail to reach the ventricles properly, causing delays or missed beats. This condition can range from mild to severe and may also require medical intervention.

Understanding the different types of arrhythmia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. If you experience symptoms like palpitations, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.