Heart Attack Suspicion: Essential Diagnostic Tests to Consider

If you suspect someone is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, seeking immediate medical attention at an emergency department is crucial. Emergency physicians are trained to perform specific diagnostic tests to confirm or rule out this life-threatening condition.

Initial Electrocardiogram (ECG) Assessment

The first diagnostic step typically involves a standard electrocardiogram (ECG). This non-invasive test records the heart's electrical activity and can reveal critical changes associated with heart damage. In many cases of acute myocardial infarction, the ECG will show significant ST-segment elevation, which indicates injury to the heart muscle.

Blood Tests for Cardiac Biomarkers

Measuring Cardiac Enzymes

Alongside the ECG, healthcare providers will order blood tests to check for elevated levels of cardiac enzymes. When heart muscle cells are damaged during a heart attack, these enzymes—including troponin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)—are released into the bloodstream. A noticeable increase in these biomarkers strongly supports the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Coronary Angiography for Confirmation

For patients presenting with classic symptoms, known risk factors, and characteristic ECG changes, emergency coronary angiography may be performed. This imaging procedure allows doctors to visualize the coronary arteries and identify any blockages.

During the angiogram, if a blood clot is detected within a coronary artery, it provides definitive evidence of an acute heart attack. Prompt identification and treatment of such clots are essential for minimizing heart damage and improving patient outcomes.