Chronic Superficial Gastritis in the Active Phase: What Does It Mean?

Chronic superficial gastritis in the active phase refers to a condition where the stomach lining is affected by chronic non-atrophic gastritis and is currently experiencing an acute inflammatory episode. This stage is characterized by intensified symptoms commonly associated with chronic gastritis. Patients may experience intermittent upper abdominal pain, bloating, belching, and in some cases, acid reflux or heartburn.

During a gastroscopic examination, the stomach lining typically appears congested and swollen, often displaying red patch-like changes. These visual indicators are key signs that help doctors identify the active phase of the condition. In this phase, the tissue shows increased vascularization and edema, which contributes to the reddened appearance of the mucosa.

Under microscopic evaluation, the presence of inflammatory cells within the epithelial layer becomes evident. During the active phase, neutrophil infiltration is particularly prominent, distinguishing it from the more chronic, inactive stages. These neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that responds to acute inflammation. In contrast, when the condition is not in the active phase, lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells tend to be the primary types of inflammatory cells present.

Patients in the acute active phase often report more noticeable or severe symptoms compared to periods of disease inactivity. This can include heightened discomfort after eating, nausea, and a general feeling of indigestion. Proper diagnosis through endoscopy and biopsy is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan and managing symptoms effectively.