Heart Attack vs Angina: Understanding The Key Differences

Heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, is the most severe and life-threatening form of coronary artery disease. While both heart attack and angina are related to reduced blood flow to the heart, they differ significantly in terms of severity, symptoms, and long-term implications. Below are the main distinctions between these two cardiovascular conditions:

Symptom Severity

One of the primary differences lies in the intensity of symptoms. Angina typically causes discomfort or pressure in the chest, often described as a squeezing or heavy feeling. In contrast, a heart attack brings on more intense chest pain that is usually more severe and persistent. The pain associated with a heart attack may radiate to other areas of the upper body, such as the arms, neck, jaw, or back.

Duration of Symptoms

Angina symptoms usually last only a few minutes and tend to subside with rest or medication. Heart attack symptoms, however, can persist for much longer—typically lasting 30 minutes or more, and often continuing for several hours without relief. Prolonged discomfort that doesn't improve with rest is a critical warning sign that requires immediate medical attention.

Response to Medication

Nitroglycerin is commonly used to relieve angina symptoms, and patients often experience quick relief after taking the medication. In the case of a heart attack, however, taking nitroglycerin does not significantly alleviate the chest pain. This lack of response to standard treatment is an important indicator that the condition may be more serious than stable angina.

Additional Clinical Signs

Heart attacks can lead to complications such as low blood pressure and cardiogenic shock—a condition where the heart suddenly cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. These symptoms are rarely seen in angina, where blood pressure typically remains normal or even slightly elevated. Unlike angina, a heart attack can cause permanent damage to the heart muscle if not treated promptly.

Conclusion

While both heart attacks and angina are signs of underlying heart disease, understanding the differences between them can help in recognizing emergencies and seeking timely treatment. If you or someone you know experiences prolonged chest discomfort, especially with other symptoms like shortness of breath or dizziness, it's crucial to seek emergency medical care immediately.