Heart Attack Emergency Response: What To Do When Someone Suffers A Myocardial Infarction

When a patient is diagnosed with myocardial infarction, it is crucial to assess whether there is any hemodynamic instability, as this determines the appropriate emergency response. Below is a detailed breakdown of how to proceed based on the patient's condition:

Stable Patients Without Hemodynamic Instability

If there is no hemodynamic compromise—meaning the patient is not experiencing low blood pressure—certain medications can be administered to help manage the situation. The patient may be advised to take nitroglycerin sublingually to help improve blood flow. Additionally, the patient should chew an aspirin tablet (preferably enteric-coated aspirin) and take clopidogrel, both of which are antiplatelet agents that can help prevent further clot formation.

Patients With Hemodynamic Instability

When hemodynamic instability is present, such as in cases of low blood pressure, immediate action is required. Nitroglycerin, while effective in many cases, may further lower blood pressure and could potentially lead to hypotensive shock. In such situations, it is essential for the patient to sit or lie down immediately and avoid any unnecessary movement to prevent worsening of symptoms.

Calling For Emergency Medical Assistance

While waiting for professional medical help, it is highly recommended that the patient or a nearby individual monitor and record vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse. This information can be extremely valuable for emergency responders when assessing the patient's condition upon arrival. Dialing the local emergency number (such as 120) should be done as soon as possible to ensure timely medical intervention.