Coronary Heart Disease: Essential Diagnostic Tests for Early Detection

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment. To accurately detect CHD, medical professionals typically use a combination of non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tests. These tests help identify signs of heart damage, assess blood flow to the heart, and determine the presence of arterial blockages.

Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tests for Coronary Heart Disease

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

One of the most commonly used tools in cardiac diagnostics is the electrocardiogram (ECG). This test is simple, non-invasive, and provides immediate results. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormal heart rhythms, signs of heart strain, and evidence of a previous or ongoing heart attack. Specifically, it helps identify ST-segment elevation, which may indicate acute myocardial infarction.

2. Blood Tests

Blood tests are crucial for evaluating various biomarkers and overall heart health. When assessing coronary heart disease, doctors often request a complete blood panel including glucose levels, lipid profile, liver function, and kidney function. A key test in this category is the "cardiac enzyme panel" or "heart damage panel," which includes markers such as CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB), myoglobin, and troponin. Elevated levels of these proteins strongly suggest myocardial injury, particularly in the case of a heart attack.

Invasive Diagnostic Procedures for Confirming Coronary Heart Disease

1. Coronary Angiography

Coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease. This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a thin catheter into the arterial system—usually through the wrist or groin—and guiding it to the coronary arteries. A contrast dye is then injected, allowing the blood vessels to be visualized using X-ray imaging. This test provides detailed information about blockages, narrowing of arteries, and the severity of the condition, helping doctors determine whether interventions like stenting or bypass surgery are necessary.

2. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

For patients who require a less invasive option, coronary CTA offers a powerful alternative. This imaging technique uses a CT scanner along with intravenous contrast dye to produce high-resolution images of the coronary arteries. It allows physicians to detect plaque buildup, arterial narrowing, and potential blockages without the need for catheter insertion. Coronary CTA is especially useful for patients with intermediate risk or inconclusive results from other tests.

Early detection of coronary heart disease significantly improves treatment outcomes. If you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, consult a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate diagnostic approach for your condition.