Coronary Heart Disease Prevalence and Its Impact on Public Health

Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 10% of the global population, making it one of the most prevalent cardiovascular conditions. This disease encompasses a range of disorders, including angina, myocardial infarction, and less commonly recognized forms such as silent or latent coronary heart disease. Silent CHD often goes undetected until routine health screenings reveal abnormalities like ST-T segment changes on electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Diagnostic Methods for Coronary Heart Disease

Many cases of coronary heart disease are identified through advanced diagnostic techniques. For instance, during echocardiographic examinations, some patients are found to have regional wall motion abnormalities, which can indicate underlying ischemia. Additionally, positive results from stress ECG tests can also signal the presence of CHD. These diagnostic tools play a crucial role in identifying at-risk individuals who may not exhibit classic symptoms.

Progression and Complications of CHD

Over time, chronic myocardial ischemia and oxygen deprivation lead to structural changes in the heart muscle. These alterations can result in cardiac remodeling, enlargement of the heart, and eventually heart failure. As the disease progresses, patients become increasingly vulnerable to acute cardiac events.

Angina and Myocardial Infarction: The Most Critical Manifestations

Among the various manifestations of CHD, angina and myocardial infarction represent the most severe clinical scenarios. Myocardial infarction, in particular, carries both a high incidence rate and significant mortality risk. It is critical for individuals experiencing symptoms such as severe chest discomfort or pain to seek immediate medical attention. Prompt treatment in a hospital setting can be lifesaving and significantly improve patient outcomes.