Heart Attack And Coronary Artery Disease: Understanding The Key Differences

What Is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as coronary heart disease, develops when the major blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood become damaged or diseased. This condition is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque—comprising cholesterol deposits and other substances—in the inner walls of the arteries. Over time, this buildup, known as atherosclerosis, narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart muscle. Symptoms often include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and fatigue during physical activity.

How Does A Heart Attack Occur?

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, is a severe and life-threatening complication of coronary artery disease. It typically occurs when a plaque deposit in a coronary artery ruptures, triggering the formation of a blood clot. If the clot completely blocks the artery, it can abruptly cut off blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle. Without immediate treatment, the affected heart tissue begins to die due to lack of oxygen, leading to permanent damage or even death.

Recognizing The Warning Signs

Common symptoms of a heart attack include intense chest pain or discomfort that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other signs can include nausea, indigestion, shortness of breath, cold sweats, and lightheadedness. It's important to note that symptoms can vary between men and women, with women more likely to experience atypical symptoms like fatigue and abdominal discomfort.

Prevention And Management Strategies

Managing coronary artery disease effectively can help prevent heart attacks. Key strategies include maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, avoiding smoking, and managing stress. Medical treatments may involve medications like statins, beta-blockers, and blood thinners, or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting to restore blood flow in blocked arteries.