Coronary Interventional Therapy Complications

Common Complications of Coronary Intervention

Vascular Complications at the Puncture Site: One of the most frequent issues following coronary intervention involves the blood vessel used for catheter insertion. Patients may experience bleeding, swelling, or the formation of a hematoma at the puncture site. In more severe cases, complications such as arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, or complete vessel occlusion can occur. Some patients may develop significant swelling in the affected limb due to extensive bruising or vascular injury.

Cardiovascular Complications

Heart Failure and Cardiac Events: During the procedure, manipulation of the coronary arteries can lead to complications like coronary artery spasm, occlusion, or thrombosis. In rare cases, the catheter or guidewire may perforate the artery wall, leading to pericardial tamponade — a life-threatening condition where blood accumulates around the heart. These events can trigger arrhythmias, acute heart failure, or even cardiac arrest during or shortly after the procedure.

Stent-Related Thrombotic Events

Stent Thrombosis and Flow Disturbances: Despite successful stent placement and visible vessel patency, some patients experience slow or absent blood flow — a phenomenon known as "no-reflow" or "slow-reflow." This complication typically occurs during the procedure and can affect heart function. Additionally, because stents are foreign bodies, there is a risk of blood clot formation within the stent, known as stent thrombosis. This can lead to acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction and requires prompt medical intervention.