Coronary Artery Hardening vs. Coronary Heart Disease Understanding the Difference

Coronary artery hardening, often referred to as coronary artery atherosclerosis, is not exactly the same as coronary heart disease (CHD). However, CHD typically develops as a result of prolonged atherosclerosis. In the early stages, plaque buildup in the coronary arteries can lead to mild narrowing of the arterial walls. If this narrowing remains below 50%, it is classified as coronary artery atherosclerosis. When the narrowing progresses beyond 50%, it is then diagnosed as coronary heart disease.

What Causes Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis?

The gradual formation of plaque in the coronary arteries is influenced by a combination of risk factors. These include high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, and advancing age. The more risk factors a person has, the higher the likelihood of developing coronary artery atherosclerosis. Managing these factors early on is crucial in preventing the progression to full-blown coronary heart disease.

How Are They Treated?

Common Treatment Approaches

For both coronary artery atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, the foundation of treatment involves controlling key health indicators such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. Lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking, are essential components of management. Medications may also be prescribed to slow the progression of plaque buildup and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Advanced Treatment for Coronary Heart Disease

In cases where coronary heart disease leads to symptoms like angina, additional treatments are required to improve quality of life and reduce cardiac events. Vasodilator medications can help alleviate chest pain by improving blood flow to the heart muscle. For patients with severe blockages—typically defined as more than 75% narrowing of the coronary arteries—interventional procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow.