Angina Symptoms and Effective Treatment Options

Angina, often characterized by temporary and pressing pain in the chest area, is a common symptom of coronary artery disease. The discomfort typically occurs behind the breastbone and may radiate to the left shoulder, arm, or even the neck and jaw. Episodes usually last between three to five minutes and can occur multiple times a day or less frequently, depending on the individual's condition. Physical exertion or emotional stress often triggers these episodes, and symptoms generally subside with rest or the use of nitroglycerin tablets placed under the tongue.

Understanding Common Triggers

While angina can affect both men and women, it is more commonly seen in males over the age of 40. Common triggers include emotional excitement, physical fatigue, exposure to cold temperatures, overeating, and acute circulatory failure. Recognizing and managing these triggers is essential in reducing the frequency of angina episodes and improving quality of life.

Treatment Approaches for Angina

During an angina attack, immediate rest is crucial to reduce the heart's workload. In addition to lifestyle modifications, several medications are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. These include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, amlodipine, and felodipine. These drugs work in different ways to relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and reduce the heart's demand for oxygen.

When Surgery Becomes Necessary

In more severe cases where medication and lifestyle changes are insufficient, surgical intervention may be required. One of the most effective procedures is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which is performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. This surgery helps restore proper blood flow to the heart by creating new pathways around blocked arteries.

Conclusion

Managing angina involves a combination of timely medication, awareness of triggers, and, in some cases, medical procedures. Early diagnosis and a proactive approach to treatment can significantly reduce the impact of angina on daily life. Patients are encouraged to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a personalized plan that supports long-term heart health.