Angina Pectoris: Understanding The Causes And Symptoms

Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. This condition typically arises due to coronary artery disease, where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. The primary cause of angina is often linked to atherosclerosis — a process in which plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries.

Coronary Artery Disease And Plaque Formation

One of the leading causes of angina is the development of plaques within the coronary arteries. These plaques are made up of cholesterol deposits, fatty substances, and other materials that accumulate over time. As these deposits grow, they narrow the arteries, reducing the amount of oxygen-rich blood that reaches the heart muscle. This situation becomes more critical during physical activity or emotional stress, when the heart requires more oxygen. If the narrowed arteries cannot supply enough blood, the result can be angina.

Coronary Artery Spasms

In addition to plaque buildup, angina can also be triggered by coronary artery spasms. These spasms are temporary contractions of the artery walls that can occur even in arteries that are not significantly narrowed by plaque. Factors such as extreme cold, emotional stress, exposure to cold weather, or even the use of certain drugs can provoke these spasms. When a spasm occurs, it can temporarily restrict blood flow to the heart, leading to angina symptoms.

Symptoms And Duration Of Angina Episodes

The typical angina episode lasts about 3 to 5 minutes and often presents as a feeling of pressure, squeezing, or pain in the chest area. Some people may also experience discomfort in their arms, neck, jaw, or back. The pain usually subsides with rest or the use of nitrate medications, which help to widen the coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart.

Conclusion

Understanding the causes of angina is crucial for effective management and prevention of heart-related complications. Whether caused by atherosclerosis or arterial spasms, recognizing the signs and seeking appropriate medical care can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of more serious cardiovascular events.