Angina Symptoms: Understanding the Different Types and Their Effects

Angina is a clinical syndrome caused by a temporary deficiency in blood supply to the heart muscles, leading to acute ischemia and hypoxia. The primary symptom is episodic chest pain or discomfort, often described as a pressing or squeezing sensation. This pain typically occurs behind the breastbone and may radiate to the chest area, arms, jaw, and throat. Some patients may only experience a feeling of tightness or shortness of breath without severe pain.

Types of Angina and Their Characteristics

Stable Angina

Stable angina is usually triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress. It presents as a feeling of pressure, tightness, or burning behind the breastbone, sometimes spreading to the entire chest area. The discomfort typically lasts for a few minutes and subsides with rest or sublingual nitroglycerin. This type of angina is predictable and often occurs under similar conditions.

Unstable Angina

Unstable angina shares similar characteristics with stable angina but is generally more severe and lasts longer, sometimes up to 30 minutes or even an hour. It can occur at rest or during sleep, and the symptoms may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. This type is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate attention as it may signal an impending heart attack.

Vasospastic (Variant) Angina

Vasospastic angina, also known as variant angina, is caused by coronary artery spasms. Unlike other types, it typically occurs at rest and is not related to physical activity or emotional stress. Patients may experience chest pain along with symptoms like arrhythmia and fainting. This form of angina can be effectively treated with medications that prevent arterial spasms.

Recognizing the signs of angina and understanding its types is crucial for timely treatment and prevention of complications. If you or someone you know experiences recurring chest discomfort, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.