Angina First Aid and Management: Essential Care Steps

Angina is a classic symptom of coronary artery disease and is more commonly seen among elderly patients. When a patient experiences an angina attack, there are several critical steps they should take to manage the situation effectively and prevent further complications.

Immediate Response During an Angina Attack

Angina attacks are often triggered by specific factors such as physical exertion or emotional stress. When an episode occurs, the patient should immediately stop any activity and rest to reduce the heart's workload. Simultaneously, sublingual nitroglycerin should be administered, which helps to dilate the blood vessels and relieve the chest discomfort.

Recognizing Signs of a More Serious Condition

If the symptoms persist or recur despite taking nitroglycerin, or if the pain lasts longer than usual, it could be a sign of a more severe condition such as a myocardial infarction. In such cases, it is crucial for the patient to seek emergency medical assistance immediately by calling emergency services and getting to a hospital without delay.

Medical Evaluation and Diagnostic Procedures

When a patient experiences frequent angina episodes, prompt medical evaluation is essential. An electrocardiogram (ECG) should be performed, especially during an attack, to detect any abnormalities in heart function. Additionally, cardiac enzyme levels should be closely monitored. A pattern of rising and falling enzyme levels may indicate heart muscle damage, which could signal a heart attack.

Emergency Protocols and Treatment Options

If there is strong evidence suggesting a myocardial infarction, medical professionals should activate the chest pain center protocol immediately. This ensures rapid assessment and treatment, which may include emergency interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Timely treatment is vital in minimizing heart damage and improving patient outcomes.